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COPPER ACCESS NETWORK WITH MODERNIZATION 
OPTICAL FIBER TO CUSTOMERS

Astrid Harera Royani Hsb, M. Zulfin 
Concentration of Telecommunication Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering 
Faculty of Engineering, University of North Sumatra (USU) 
Jl. Alma mater, 20155 Campus USU Medan INDONESIA 
e-mail: astridharerahasibuan@yahoo.co.id , zulfinmuhammad@yahoo.com

Abstract
To send a service to the customers required network access. If using copper wires only gained access speeds capable of delivering a maximum of up to 4 Mbps, while customer demand for services has increased and bandwidth copper cables are not able to distribute it. With optical fiber capable of delivering up to 100 Mbps bandwidth with technology-based multi-service access node (MSAN) and is able to meet customer needs.Therefore modernization of copper access network with fiber optics. After the modernization of the copper access network into an optical fiber, optical fiber can meet the needs of customers with the quality of service improved.After his imodernisasi greater bandwidth and higher speed from 4 Mbps to 100 Mbps. Applications obtained customers also varies. Easier installation of optical fiber, the optical fiber measuring instrument needs to use two types of measuring devices only. With the cost of optical fiber is cheaper than copper cables and optical fiber capacity is also large. Then the system becomes simpler, smaller optical cable placement will seem easier and neater, dimensions and does not require extensive land.

1. Comparison between copper and fiber optic

2. Step - step modernization
Namely the modernization of the network upgrade existing customers to MSAN, both of which are still the copper access network using the customer terminal networkdengan RK terminal or network access that customers already using the ONU (Optical Network Unit). The step - step modernization of the copper cable into an optical fiber, namely:
a. Project Management. Outlining the work to be done, make networkdiagram.
b. Survey, Planning and Design OSP, and DRM (Design Review Management).
c. Procurement and installation of the primary cable FO (from STO sd ODC).
d. Procurement and Installation of secondary cables FO (of ODC sd ODP).
e. Procurement and installation Drop CableFO (from ODP sd OTP / rosette).
f. Integration with existing fiber optic cable, the existing grounding system and with other sub systemtelekomunikasi.
g. Site acquisition for placement ODC / OTB (either in the field or in the halls / high rise building).
h. Testing / testing characteristics of the fiber optic cable.
i. Necessary permits from third parties.
j. Gradually installing fiber optic ranging from MDF, installed near the MDF.
k. Installing ODC near RK, from ODF to ODC feeder connected with fiber optic cable.
l. Installing ODP near DP, from the ODC to ODP connected by optical fiber distribution cables.
m. Installing OTP near KTB, from ODP to OTP connected by fiber optic drop cable.
n. Then OTP home customers connected with fiber optic cable indoor and home customers connected to the fiber optic splitter.
o. Existing copper cable is replaced with an optical fiber that has been installed and connected to the terminal splitter customers, and most users of optical fiber to the customer is a residential and business community.

3. Device for modernization
The device used for the modernization of a copper cable to optical fiber there is 3, namely: 
a. MSAN (Multi Services Access Network) MSAN is a device that serves multiple access network services, network access platform that provides a public service to provide broadband services and narrowbanddalam PSTN and NGN networks. 
b. DSLAM (Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) is an equipment that serves to combine and separate the data signal with phone lines used to transmit data. 
c. Metro Ethernet is a network that connects geographically separated LANs over the WAN 
provided by a service provider. 

4. Needs Analysis bandwidth
One reason modernize the copper access network into an optical fiber up to the customer to which the growing need for services bandwidthuntuk. Bandwidth requirements on copper and fiber optic cables, namely: 
a. With copper cable (other systems) Bandwidthkabel copper: 4 Mbps 
Application: 
-. Phone requires 4 Khz 
-.Internet Need 64 Khz 
b. With fiber optics 
Bandwidthserat optics: 150-600 Mbps

5. Analysis of the needs of measuring instruments
The main tool that is needed in carrying out trouble shooting transform and disruption of the access network because without using a measuring instrument can not do anything - anything against disturbance. 
- With copper cables measuring instruments used are: 
a. Continuity Tester / Cable Identifier for cable continuity measurements.
b. AVO meter / Digital Multimeter for measurement of electric current, electrical voltage measurements, measurements resistant meshes (loop), the measurement screen prisoners, continuity channels. 
c. Megger (Insulation Tester) for the measurement of insulation resistance.
d. Grounding Tester for measuring prices pentahanan prisoners.
e. Fault Locater to locate the point of cable damage and look for cable routing.

6. Cost Analysis
One more reason to modernize the copper access network into an optical fiber through which the costs to customers. 
a. With copper cables, costs - the costs involved are: 
-. Price 1 m USD pair copper cable. 50, - 
-. Cost Rp. 50, - 
-. Price 3 km cable pair is $ 1200 (50 + 50) x 3000 x 1200 = Rp. 360,000,000, - 
b. With fiber optics, costs - the costs involved are: 
-. Prices fiber optic 12 nerves (capacity 12 x 40,000 channels) of Rp. 50.000, - / meter. 
-. Price for 3 km is Rp. 150.000.000, - 

7. Conclusion
From the results of the modernization of the copper access network into an optical fiber to the customer, it can be concluded as follows: 
a. After the modernization of the copper access network into an optical fiber to the customer, optical fiber capable of delivering bandwidthhingga 100 Mbps by using MSAN technology.
b. With the cost of copper wire needed for a distance of 3 km is Rp. 360,000,000, - with a capacity of fiber optic bandwidth20 Mbps while the cost for a distance of 3 km is Rp. 150.000.000, - with a capacity bandwidth100 Mbps.So in terms of cost and capacity of fiber optic bandwidth use more profitable.
c. In the optical fiber part becomes much simpler system, the placement of smaller optical cable would seem easier and neater, does not require the dimensions and extensive land.


Sumber : http://jurnal.usu.ac.id/singuda_ensikom/article/view/491

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